Introduction Poland’s ancillary services market has reached an inflection point. The total value of FCR, aFRR, mFRR, and RR reserve auctions now exceeds PLN 2 billion annually, and the market continues to grow. Meanwhile, average aFRR reserve rates in Poland stand at approximately PLN 180/MW/h — four times higher than Germany (PLN 45–55/MW/h) and more … Continue reading The Balancing Market and BESS Certification in Poland — A Practical Guide for Investors